Demand for freighter aircraft continues to grow strongly as a result of Covid-19, but values and lease rates remain suppressed by an oversupply of feedstock aircraft. That’s according to consultancy IBA, which hosted a webinar on the status of the freighter market last week (25 February).

IBA data from its ‘Insight.iQ’ platform shows that almost 200 narrowbody and widebody aircraft have joined the worldwide freighter fleet since May 2020.

The active fleet of narrowbody freighters has grown by 61 to 625 aircraft with newly converted 737-800s accounting for around half that growth. The 757-200 remains the “pre-eminent” freighter aircraft with a fleet of 298 aircraft (converted and factory delivered), followed by the 737-400 with 148, the company noted.

The active mid-size widebody freighter fleet has grown “more steeply” in the same period by 80 to 624 aircraft, IBA said. “The 767-300ER is the dominant aircraft in this segment, both accounting for more than half the growth as many ex-passenger aircraft and converted, and in total fleet size which now stands at 315 aircraft when one adds converted and factory delivered aircraft.

“The A330 freighter fleet is also growing strongly but from a much lower base, with six aircraft converted during this period, but with an additional pool of aircraft taking its fleet size to 74.”

The large widebody freighter fleet has grown by 55 to 601 aircraft since May 2020, according to IBA’s data. The re-entry into service from storage of 29 Boeing 747-400s and 7 MD-11Fs accounted for around half the growth, with the remainder made up of factory deliveries of 22 777Fs and three 747-8Fs.

“Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, freighter aircraft usage has grown strongly, driven by the fall in belly hold capacity as passenger aircraft were grounded,” noted IBA. “The number of freighter aircraft flights, which was averaging around 100,000 per month before the pandemic, has grown, peaking at over 145,000 in December 2020 as the holiday period drove supply chain demand. Conversely, passenger aircraft utilisation fell from over 2.9 million flights in January 2020 fell to 556,000 in April 2020, and since then has only partially recovered to around 1.5 million flights in January 2021.”

IBA also noted that certain aircraft types were dominant in the passenger to freighter conversion market. The 737 Classic family has now been surpassed by the 737-800 in terms of conversion rates, of which 27 were converted in 2020, and around 40 are set to be converted over the next 12 months.

In the large narrowbody segment, the 757-200 remains dominant: 10 aircraft were converted in 2020 and a further 20 are set to be converted in the next 12 months. Conversions of the A321-200 are now gathering pace though, IBA said, with three in 2020 and a further six in the next 12 months.

In the mid-size widebody segment, the 767-300ER continues to dominate with 26 aircraft set to be converted in the next 12 months, with its nearest competitor the A330-300 accounting for just seven but “with further aircraft likely to be committed for conversion”.

Average conversion costs are generally lower for Boeing than Airbus, IBA noted, with the 737-800 averaging US$4.16 million and the 757-200 at US$5.2 million, compared to US$6.14 million for the A321-200. The average conversion cost for the 767-300ER is US$14.7 million compared to US$18.4 million for the A330-300.

“Part of the reason for this cost difference is the relative sizes of each aircraft, with the 737 being  a smaller aircraft than the A321, and the 767 being smaller than the A330,” IBA said.

Looking at the economics of 777 freighter conversions, IBA estimates the conversion cost of a 2005 built 777-300ER to be around US$32.5 million. When also taking into account acquiring a feedstock aircraft and other associated costs, IBA estimates the total outlay for an aircraft of this age to be around US$54.5 million.

IBA president Phil Seymour commented: “Covid-19 has significantly affected the dynamics of the freighter aircraft market and that is set to continue for at least the next two years. However, the clear and strong growth in demand is not driving up values and lease rates as it normally would.

“While the global freighter fleet is growing as is the number of conversions, there has been a corresponding increase in aircraft available for conversion driven by the accelerated retirement of passenger aircraft fleets. This has meant that freighter values and lease rates have actually seen a modest drop.”

The value of a 2002 build 737-800 converted freighter has dropped from US$20.9 million in mid 2020 to US$18.28 million in early 2021, for example, with younger aircraft seeing a greater drop. Lease rates for an aircraft of the same age have dropped from US$220,000 per month to US$192,000 per month over the same period.

The value of a 2000 build Airbus A321-200 converted freighter has dropped from US$28.3 million in mid 2020 to US$23.3 million in early 2021, IBA said. Lease rates for an aircraft of the same age have dropped slightly from US$264,000 per month to US$240,000 per month over the same period.

The values of Airbus A330-300 converted freighters have seen falls of varying ranges with older aircraft built in 1995 dropping by around 12 per cent, whereas a 2010 built aircraft fell in value by around 25 per cent from US$47 million in mid 2020 to US$35.48 million in early 2021. The fall in lease rates has also increased with younger aircraft, ranging from around 8 per cent for a 1995 built aircraft to around 11 per cent for a 2010 model.